Python - Mathematical Operators/Functions
These are the math functions that are commonly used (you may use this as a quick cheatsheet). There are more math functions. Some of the functions from math package does almost same thing as native operator/functions but with more accuracy. You may refer to official Python document : 9.2. math — Mathematical functions for further details.
|
Operation |
Python |
Comments |
|
Addition |
+ |
|
|
Substraction |
- |
|
|
Multiplication |
* |
|
|
Division |
/ |
|
|
Power |
** |
|
| mod |
% |
|
| Power (= x ** y) | pow(x,y) | |
| Absolute Value | abs(x) | |
|
exponential |
math.exp(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
Square Root |
math.sqrt(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
pi |
math.pi |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
e |
math.e |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| Infinite | math.inf |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| NaN | math.nan |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
Log |
math.log(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
Natural Log |
math.log(x,math.e) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
Log with base |
math.log(x,base) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| Absolute Value |
math.fabs(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| factorial |
math.factorial(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| mod |
math.fmod(x, y) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
sin |
math.sin(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
cos |
math.cos(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
tan |
math.tan(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
asin |
math.asin(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
acos |
math.acos(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
atan |
math.atan(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
sinh |
math.sinh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
cosh |
math.cosh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
tanh |
math.tanh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
asinh |
math.asinh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
acosh |
math.acosh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
atanh |
math.atanh(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
radian to degree |
math.degrees(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
degree to radian |
math.radians(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| ceil |
math.ceil(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
| floor |
math.floor(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
error function |
math.erf(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
complimentary effor function |
math.erfc(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
gamma function |
math.gamma(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma function |
math.lgamma(x) |
"import math" should be done to use this |
|
|
|
|
| Define a complex number | x+yj | |
| Define a complex number | complex(x,y) | |
| real part of a complex number | c.real | |
| imaginary part of a complex no. | c.imag | |
| conjugate of a complex number | c.conjugate() | |
| arg of a complex number | cmath.phase(c) | "import cmath" should be done to use this |
| polar form of a complex number | cmath.polar(c) | "import cmath" should be done to use this |
| convert polar form to rect form | cmath.rect(r,phi) | "import cmath" should be done to use this |
Examples 1 > Basic Operator
>>> 2 + 5
7
>>> 3 - 5
-2
>>> 2 * 3
6
>>> 2 / 3
0.6666666666666666
>>> pow(2,3)
8
>>> pow(2.0,3.0)
8.0
>>> 2 ** 3
8
>>> 7 % 3
1
Examples 2> math package
>>> import math
>>> math.exp(1)
2.718281828459045
>>> math.sqrt(2)
1.4142135623730951
Examples 3> complex number
>>> a = 1+2j
>>> b = complex(2,3)
>>> a
(1+2j)
>>> b
(2+3j)
>>> a+b
(3+5j)
>>> a*b
(-4+7j)
>>> a/b
(0.6153846153846154+0.07692307692307691j)
>>> a.real
1.0
>>> a.imag
2.0
>>> a.conjugate()
(1-2j)
>>> import cmath
>>> cmath.phase(a)
1.1071487177940904
>>> cmath.polar(a)
(2.23606797749979, 1.1071487177940904)
>>> cmath.rect(2.23606797749979,1.1071487177940904)
(1.0000000000000002+2j)
Example 4 > Complex Number (Same as Example 3, but run in *.py script)
import cmath
a = 1+2j
b = complex(2,3)
print('a = ',a)
print('b = ',b)
print('a+b = ',a+b)
print('a*b = ',a*b)
print('a/b = ',a/b)
print('a.real = ',a.real)
print('a.imag = ',a.imag)
print('a.conjugate() = ',a.conjugate())
print('cmath.phase(a) = ',cmath.phase(a))
print('cmath.polar(a) = ',cmath.polar(a))
print('cmath.rect(2.23606797749979,1.1071487177940904) = ',
cmath.rect(2.23606797749979,1.1071487177940904))
Result :---------------------------------
a = (1+2j)
b = (2+3j)
a+b = (3+5j)
a*b = (-4+7j)
a/b = (0.6153846153846154+0.07692307692307691j)
a.real = 1.0
a.imag = 2.0
a.conjugate() = (1-2j)
cmath.phase(a) = 1.1071487177940904
cmath.polar(a) = (2.23606797749979, 1.1071487177940904)
cmath.rect(2.23606797749979,1.1071487177940904) = (1.0000000000000002+2j)